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The National Transportation Safety Board on Friday enters its third and final day of public testimony over the fatal midair crash between an Army helicopter and commercial jet in January.

Two previous days of testimony underscored a number of factors that likely contributed to the collision that left all 67 people aboard both aircrafts dead, sparking Board Chairwoman Jennifer Homendy to urge the Federal Aviation Administration to 鈥渄o better” as she pointed to warnings the agency ignored years earlier.

Some of the major issues that have emerged so far include the Black Hawk helicopter flying above prescribed levels near Ronald Reagan National Airport as well as the warnings to FAA officials for years about the hazards related to the heavy chopper traffic there.

It鈥檚 too early for the board to identify what exactly caused the crash. A final report from the board won鈥檛 come until next year.

But it became clear this week how small a margin of error there was for helicopters flying the route the Black Hawk took the night of the nation鈥檚 deadliest plane crash since November 2001.

The January incident was the first in a string of crashes and near misses this year that have alarmed officials and the traveling public, despite statistics that still show flying remains the safest form of transportation.

Worry over military helicopters

The board focused on air traffic control and heard Thursday that it was common for pilots to ask to use visual separation or relying on their eyesight just as the Army Black Hawk鈥檚 pilots, who were wearing night vision goggles, agreed to do the night of the crash.

FAA officials also said controllers relied heavily on pilots using visual separation as a way to manage the complex airspace with so many helicopters flying around Washington D.C.

But Rick Dressler, an official with medevac operator Metro Aviation, told the board it is difficult to identify other aircraft in the night sky around Ronald Reagan National Airport, especially if a key onboard locator system was switched off, as Army choppers routinely did.

Dressler said that he and other civilian helicopter pilots in the area have long been concerned about the Army and Air Force helicopters flying around Reagan airport.

鈥淚 don鈥檛 like saying this. I鈥檒l say it again on the record,鈥� Dressler, a former Army aviator and retired Air Force officer, said. 鈥淚鈥檓 speaking for my group there. We we are all very uncomfortable when those two units are operating.鈥�

The Department of Defense referred questions about Thursday鈥檚 testimony to the Army, which did not immediately respond. Army officials at the hearing did ask Dressler to elaborate on his concerns and consider visiting the Pentagon to share them.

Dressel said part of what worries him is the relative lack of experience of the military pilots who may have only been in the area a short time and don鈥檛 understand the complex airspace around Washington D.C.

鈥淭hey don鈥檛 get the seasoning here to really, truly understand how the airspace works,鈥� said Dressel, who also complained that the Army helicopter unit no longer participates in regular meetings with all the other aviators in the area to discuss issues.

The Air Force also did not immediately respond to questions about Dressler鈥檚 remarks.

The American Airlines jet arrived from Wichita, Kansas, carrying, among others, a group of elite young figure skaters, their parents and coaches, and four union steamfitters from the Washington area.

Final moments

Testimony covered much ground, including the final audio communications from pilots aboard the Army chopper.

The Black Hawk鈥檚 crew had been communicating with the airport鈥檚 control tower, although the helicopter pilots did not fully hear the controller鈥檚 instructions.

The Black Hawk pilots told the tower twice in the minutes before the crash that they had the American Airlines passenger plane in sight and would maintain proper separation. But when the controller instructed the pilots to 鈥減ass behind鈥� the jet, the crew didn鈥檛 hear that instruction because the Black Hawk鈥檚 microphone key was pressed at that moment.

Just before the collision an instructor pilot aboard the helicopter asked the pilot at the controls to come left. But it wasn鈥檛 clear if the pilot had time to maneuver the helicopter before the crash.

鈥淜inda come left for me ma鈥檃m,鈥� the instructor said.

The pilot responded: 鈥淪ure.鈥�

Concern about distances between planes and helicopters

John Cox, an aviation safety expert and retired airline pilot, said the hearings are headed in the right direction to determine what happened and to prevent similar accidents.

His main concerns focus on the Black Hawk helicopter, including why it was above the 200-feet (61 meters) elevation limit for that particular helicopter route. Another question is why the Black Hawk wasn鈥檛 closer to the east bank of the Potomac River, where it would have been further away from landing airplanes.

鈥淚鈥檝e passed helicopters underneath me over the east bank of the Potomac a lot of times,鈥� said Cox, who flew commercial airliners for 25 years. 鈥淎nd there鈥檚 always been plenty of separation. It鈥檚 not a lot because the space is so constrained. But you鈥檙e dealing with professional pilots and it鈥檚 not been a problem.鈥�

Investigators said Wednesday the flight data recorder showed the helicopter was actually 80 feet to 100 feet (24 to 30 meters) higher than the barometric altimeter the pilots relied upon showed they were flying.

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Associated Press writers David Klepper, Mike Catalini, Leah Askarinam, Ben Finley and Rio Yamat contributed to this story.