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STONINGTON, Maine (AP) 鈥� Virginia Olsen has pulled lobsters from Maine’s chilly Atlantic waters for decades while watching threats to the state’s lifeblood industry mount.

Trade imbalances with Canada, tight regulations on fisheries and offshore wind farms towering like skyscrapers on open water pose three of those threats, said Olsen, part of the fifth generation in her family to make a living in the lobster trade.

That’s why she was encouraged last month when President Donald Trump signed an executive order that promises to restore American fisheries to their former glory. The order promises to shred fishing regulations, and Olsen said that will allow fishermen to do what they do best 鈥� fish.

That will make a huge difference in communities like her home of Stonington, the busiest lobster fishing port in the country, Olsen said. It’s a tiny island town of winding streets, swooping gulls and mansard roof houses with an economy almost entirely dependent on commercial fishing, some three hours up the coast from Portland, Maine’s biggest city.

Olsen knows firsthand how much has changed over the years. Hundreds of fish and shellfish populations globally have dwindled to dangerously low levels, alarming scientists and prompting the restrictions and catch limits that Trump’s order could wash away with the stroke of a pen. But she’s heartened that the livelihoods of people who work the traps and cast the nets have become a priority in faraway places where they often felt their voices weren’t heard.

鈥淚 do think it鈥檚 time to have the conversation on what regulations that the industry does need. We鈥檙e fishing different than we did 100 years ago,” she said. 鈥淚f everything is being looked at, we should be looking at the regulations within the fishing industry.鈥�

A question of sustainability and competitiveness

But if fishing and lobstering interests finally have a seat at the table, the questions become how much seafood can be served there 鈥� and for how long. Trump’s April 17 order, called 鈥淩estoring American Seafood Competitiveness,鈥� promises an overhaul of the way America fishes, and cites a national seafood trade deficit of more than $20 billion as the reason to do it. The order calls on the federal government to reduce the regulatory burden on fishermen by later this month.

It arrives at a time when conservation groups and many marine scientists say the ocean needs more regulation, not less. One oft-cited 2020 led by a scientist at the University of British Columbia looked at more than 1,300 fish and invertebrate populations and found that 82% were below levels that can produce maximum sustainable yields. The university said the study 鈥渄iscovered global declines, some severe, of many popularly consumed species.鈥�

Trump’s order prioritizes commerce over conservation. It also calls for the development of a comprehensive seafood trade strategy and a review of existing marine monuments, which are underwater protected zones, to see if any should be opened for fishing. At least one, the Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument, has already been reopened.

Many commercial fishermen and fishing trade groups lauded the order. Members of the industry, one of the oldest in the country, have long made the case that heavy regulations 鈥� many intended to protect the health of fish populations 鈥� leave the U.S. at a competitive disadvantage to the fleets of countries that don’t bear the same kind of burden. That disadvantage is a big piece of why America imports more than two-thirds of its seafood, they argue.

鈥淭he president鈥檚 executive order recognizes the challenges our fishing families and communities face, and we appreciate the commitment to reduce burdensome regulations and strengthen the competitiveness of American seafood,鈥� said Patrice McCarron, executive director of the Maine Lobstermen鈥檚 Association.

Some fishermen, including Maine lobsterman Don McHenan, said they’re looking forward to members of the industry being able to fish in areas of the ocean that have been closed off to them for years. McHenan said he’s also hopeful the pace of new regulations will slow.

鈥淎s long as they don’t put any more onto us,鈥� McHenan said. 鈥淲e’ll see 鈥� time will tell.鈥�

Not all fishermen are on board

But the support for deregulation is not unanimous among fishermen. Some say strong conservation laws are critical to protecting species that fishermen rely on to make a living.

In Alaska, for example, Matt Wiebe said the executive order 鈥渢errifies鈥� him. A commercial fisherman with more than 50 years of experience fishing for salmon, he said the order could potentially harm the Bristol Bay sockeye salmon fishery, which has received praise from sustainability organizations for careful management of the fish supply.

Absent that management, he said the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery could go the way of the New England cod fishing business, which collapsed due in large part to overfishing and has never recovered.

鈥淪ince New England fishers lost their cod fishery due to overfishing, many other fisheries came to respect and depend on conservation efforts,鈥� Wiebe said. 鈥淲e fish because it’s what we do, and conservation efforts mean we and our kids can fish into the future.鈥�

The executive order arrived at a time when America’s commercial fishermen are coping with environmental challenges and the decline of some once-marketable species. Maine’s historic shrimp fishery shuttered more than a decade ago, California’s salmon industry is struggling through closures and the number of fish stocks on the federal overfished list has grown in recent years.

There is also the looming question of what Trump’s trade war with major seafood producers such as Canada and China will mean for the U.S. industry 鈥� not to mention American consumers.

To many in Maine’s lobster and fishing business, the answer is clear: Cut regulations and let them do their thing.

鈥淲e definitely feel the industry is over-regulated as a whole,” said Dustin Delano, a fourth-generation Maine lobsterman who is also chief operating officer of the New England Fishermen鈥檚 Stewardship Association. 鈥淲e hope that this will help for sure. It does seek to initiate that America-first strategy in the fishery.鈥�

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